George Cecil Ives

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George Cecil Ives:
An Inventory of His Papers at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center

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Descriptive Summary
Repository: Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center University of Texas at Austin
Creator: Ives, George Cecil, 1867-1950
Title: George Cecil Ives Papers
Dates: 1874-1949
Extent: 5 boxes and 79 volumes (11 linear ft)
Abstract: The papers consist of 122 volumes of diaries in addition to published works, lectures, and notes. Correspondence includes letters regarding Ives' writings and lectures on prison reform, sodomy, the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, and other topics. Additional materials relating to secret societies and the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology are also present.
RLIN Record #: TXRC93-A5
Language: English.
Administrative Information
Acquisition

Purchase, 1977
Processed by

Deborah Shelby, 1993
Restrictions
Access

Open for research
Biographical Sketch

George Cecil Ives was born on October 1, 1867. He was raised by his father's mother, Emma Ives, and referred to her as his mother. Ives and his grandmother primarily resided in England at Bentworth Hall, or in the South of France. Ives was educated at home and at Magdalene College, Cambridge.

In 1892, Ives met Oscar Wilde at the Authors' Club in London. By this time Ives had accepted his homosexuality and was working to promote the end of the oppression of homosexuals, what he called the "Cause." Ives hoped that Wilde would join the "Cause" but Wilde did not have the same compassion towards this movement that Ives did. Lord Alfred Douglas met Ives in 1893 and introduced him to several Oxford poets, whom Ives encouraged to join the "Cause."

By 1897, Ives understood that the "Cause" would not be accepted openly in society and must therefore have a means of underground communication. Thus he created and founded the Order of Chaeronea, a secret society for homosexuals. The name, Order of Chaeronea, was inspired by the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC when the 300 members of the Sacred Band of Thebes (composed entirely of friends and lovers) were slaughtered by the army of Philip of Macedonia. Ives and other members dated letters and other materials based on this date, so that 1899 would be written as C2237. An elaborate system of rituals, ceremonies, a service of initiation, seals, codes, and passwords were used by the members. The Secret Society became a worldwide organization and Ives took advantage of every opportunity to spread the word about the "Cause."

The developing study of sex psychology was of great interest to Ives and put him in touch with many of the writers in this field such as Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Professor Lombroso, and Edward Carpenter. The British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology was founded in 1914 by Carpenter, Hirschfeld, Ives, Laurence Housman, and others. Some of the topics addressed in lecture and publication form by the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology were: the promotion of the scientific study of sex and a more rational attitude towards sexual conduct; problems and questions connected with sexual psychology (from medical, juridical, and sociological aspects), birth control, abortion, sterilization, veneral diseases, and all aspects of prostitution. In 1931, it was resolved to change the name of the organization to the British Sexological Society.

For the BSS and other interested groups, Ives gave lectures and published books entitled Graeco-Roman View of Youth (1926), and The Plight of the Adolescent.

Ives was also noted for his scholarship of penal methods, having traveled around visiting prisions and studying the penal methods of various European countries, particularly England. He lectured to several groups about his findings and also published books on the topic. Among these were Penal Methods in the Middle Ages (1910), A History of Penal Methods (1914), The Continued Extension of the Criminal Law (1922). Other published works by Ives include Book of Chains (1897), though he claimed no authorship for the publication, and another book of verse entitled Eros' Throne (1900).

George Ives died June 4, 1950.
Scope and Contents

The George Ives papers range in date from 1874 to 1949 and are divided into four series: I. Correspondence, 1874-1936; II. Works, 1897-1937; III. Diaries, 1886-1949; and IV. Miscellaneous, 1888-1949.

The correspondence contains invitations to dinners, parties, and cricket matches, as well as letters regarding Ives' writings and lectures on prison reform, sodomy, the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, and other topics. There are also several letters thanking Ives for gifts of books and various lectures given. Among his correspondents were Adolf Brand, Oscar Browning, Edward Carpenter, Havelock Ellis, Norman Gale, Augustus Hare, Ernest Jones, Cesare Lombrose, C.M. North, Reggie Turner, Edward Westermarck, and others.

There are several examples of Ives' published works, lectures, and notes, 1897-1926. Some of the topics represented are: prison reform, crime and punishment, historical views of sexuality, religion, and samples of his verse writing. Typescripts and holograph examples are both present in this series.

The bulk of the material consists of 122 volumes of diaries kept by Ives from the age of nineteen until about six months before his death at age eighty-two. Most of the diaries have daily entries for the period from December 20, 1886 to November 16, 1949. Ives often used the battle of Chaeronea when dating his diary entries, adding 338 years to the actual date. The view Ives provides in his diary of the life of an upper-middle class English homosexual from the end of the nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century is of particular interest for understanding the homosexual movement in England during this time. The content varies from descriptive impressions of social events, to detailed examinations of his friends and acquaintances, to analyses of the treatment of criminals and the workings of prisons. From volume thirteen on, Ives indexed his diaries and often used them when he was preparing for a lecture or other writings.

Miscellaneous materials include the rules and wax seal impressions for the Secret Society, along with a library catalog for the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, and a scrapbook of reviews and loose clippings for three of Ives books, Ero's Throne (1900), A History of Penal Methods (1914), and Obstacles to Human Progress (1939). There is also a galley proof of G.B. Shaw's preface to English Prisons (1922), prior to alterations.

While Ives amassed 45 volumes of scrapbooks, 1892-1949, they do not form part of this collection. These scrapbooks consist of clippings on topics such as murders, punishments, freaks, theories of crime and punishment, transvestism, psychology of gender, homosexuality, cricket scores, and letters he wrote to newspapers. For extracts of these scrapbooks, which were edited by Paul Sieveking and published by Jay Landesman in 1981, see Man Bites Man.

The British Sexological Society Collection at the Ransom Center also contains a large amount of Ives material. He was involved from the onset of the British Sexological Society in several ways, one of which was preserving the papers and records for the organization. There are materials to and from him throughout the collection. A large portion of the Ives material is in the Miscellaneous series, including nine boxes of his notebooks, lectures, and works. A substantial number of letters to Ives from Lawrence Housman (1916-1948), correspondence from Ives' family members, and others, are also part of the Miscellaneous Series. See the manuscript card catalog for further information.
Related Material

Other Ives materials include books, scrapbooks (see Man Bites Man), the Vertical File, and materials in the British Sexological Society, Edward Carpenter, and Oscar Wilde manuscript collections.
Index Terms

Correspondents
Brand, Adolf, 1874-
Browning, Oscar, 1837-1923
Carpenter, Edward, 1844-1929
Cazalett, William Marshall, 1865-1932
Ellis, Havelock, 1859-1939
Evans, Caroline A.
Gale, Norman, 1862-1942
Hare, Augustus J. C. (Augustus John Cuthbert), 1834-1903
Jones, Ernest, 1879-1958
Lacon, Edmund Beecroft Francis Heathcote, Sir, 1878-1911
Lombroso, Cesare, 1835-1909
Morrison, William Douglas, 1853-1943
Moss, Samuel, 1858-1918
North, Charlotte Maria, Lady, 1831-1909
Prescott, E. Livingston
Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950
Turner, Reggie, 1869?-1938
Westermark, Edward, 1862-1939
Subjects
British Sexological Society
British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology
Crime and Criminals--Great Britain
Douglas, Alfred Bruce, Lord, 1870-1945
Ellis, Havelock, 1859-1939
Gay Liberation Movement--Great Britain
Gay Liberation Movement--Great Britain--History
Homosexuality--Personal narratives
Homosexuals--Great Britain--Social Conditions
Order of Chaeronea
Prison Reform--Great Britain
Prisons--Great Britain
Secret Society of Homosexuals
Sex (psychology)
Sex Crimes--Great Britain
Wilde, Oscar, 1845-1900
Document Types
Diaries
Galley proofs
Scrapbooks
Container List

Series I. Correspondence, 1890-1936
(1.5 boxes)

Consists of letters and invitations to Ives from Edward Carpenter, Havelock and Edith Ellis, Augustus Hare, E.B.H. Lacon, W.D. Morrison, C.M. North, Edward Westmark, W.H. Wilkins, and others. Several of the correspondents who wrote only one or two letters were primarily discussing arrangements for dinner or cricket games. There is one folder of unidentified letters, one folder consisting of invitations and envelopes, and one folder containing two letters to Ives' grandmother, Emma. One of these letters is from Susan Ann Talbot Ives (his aunt) and the other is from Anna Whiteside, which was removed from the family bible (cataloged in HRC book collection, BS 2085 1848 O94b IVS). This series is arranged alphabetically by author. There is an alphabetical index to the correspondents at the end of the inventory. For other corresponence to and from Ives, see the list of additional materials.
box folder
1 1 A-C, 1891-1933, nd
2 D-E, 1893-1911, nd
3 Ellis, Havelock, 1902-1936
4 F-H, 1891-1920, nd
5 Hare, Augustus J.C., 1898-1902
6 I-O, 1894-1917, nd
7 Morrison, W.D., 1896-1912

2 1 North, C.M., 1892-1897
2 P-Z, 1891-1918, nd
3 Westmarck, Edward, 1902-1911
4 Wilkins, W.H., 1892-1895
5 Invitations, 1896-1909, nd
6 Unidentified, 1890-1905, nd
7 Letters to Emma Ives, nd

Series II. Works, 1897-1937
(2.5 boxes)

Holograph drafts of Ives' published works present in the collection are, Continued Extension of Criminal Law and The Graeco-Roman View of Youth. Also included are notes for several lectures that Ives gave: an address delivered to the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology (1915); Ashford lecture I, Treatment of Crime (1922); a League of Peace and Freedom address (1919); and a lecture before the Orthopsychic Society (1915). There are four versions of The Missing Baronet, including revisions, though they are not all complete. The Missing Baronet manuscripts are bound and housed as volumes 123-126. Other bound works are housed in folders. All works are arranged alphabetically by title.
box folder
2 8 Unidentified work, fragments, nd
9 Address delivered for the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, 1915
10 "Ages and the Universities," 1915?
11 Ashford lecture, I, "Treatment of Crime," 1922
12 Book of Chains, published 1897

3 1 Chemistry, etc., notebook, Dec. 10, 1913
2 Continued Extension of Criminal Law, nd
3 Crimelessness: Index of some scrapbooks, Howard League lecture, 1911
4 Criminology, nd
5 Notes for lecture, 1911
6 1912
7 Empires, Old and New, 1920
8 Extinct Animals, nd
9 Graeco-Roman View of the Attractions of Youth,
I, nd
box folder
3 10 II, nd

4 1 Lecture, nd
2 Quotations, nd
3 Human Mind in the Face of Natural Phenomena I & II, nd
4 Index to references to crimelessness in news cuttings, nd
5 League of Peace and Freedom address, 1919
6 Lecture before the Orthopsychic Society, 1915
volume
vol. 123 The Missing Baronet, typescript

vol.124 Holograph draft, nd

vol.125 Revision continued, holograph 1914,

vol.126 Chapter XXI continued, holograph, nd
box folder
4 7-8 Opinions and Prejudices, 1937

5 1 Plight of Adolescents (2), 1926
2 (3), 1926
3 Religion of Socialism, nd
4 Relinquit, nd
5 Treatment of Crime, 1912
6 Notes, 1913
7 Verse book, 1897-1898

Series III. Diaries 1886-1949
(122 volumes)

The 122 volumes of diaries were handwritten on a single side of a page, and occasionally Ives would add information at a later date on the verso in order to clarify a point or add other comments. Sometimes Ives wrote in several different codes so that an onlooker could not at a glance understand what he was writing about. The codes are decipherable, though some require more time than others. For further descriptions of the codes see "A Catalogue of the George Ives Collection," attached as an appendix to this inventory.

These diaries provide detailed descriptions of Ives' life and his impressions of persons around him such as Oscar Wilde, Lord Alfred Douglas, Magnus Hirschfeld, Edward Carpenter, and close intimate friends and acquaintances. Other topics such as penal methods, the homosexual "Cause," dressing in drag, detailed descriptions of social events and parties, current criminal cases, personal feelings, and many other subjects are recorded by Ives in his diaries.

The first sixty volumes were bound together in groups of five. Diary 35 was bound between 32 and 33, but all other volumes are in chronological order. There are two sets of page numbers, one in the upper righthand corner that paginates each individual volume and one at the bottom of the page which is continous from volume 1 through 122, ending with page number 19,973. Ives indexed each volume beginning with volume thirteen. The indexes refer to the page numbers for the individual volume found at the top of the page. The volume number designations were retained for this reason. The condition of the diaries is good, though volumes 1-60 are bound very tightly and require special care when opening.
volume
v.1-5 1886 December 20 - 1889 September 15

v.6-10 1889 September19 - 1891 May 21

v.11-15 1891 May 21 - 1893 March 18

v.16-20 1893 March 19 - 1894 July 14

v.21-25 1894 July 17 - 1895 October 26

v.26-30 1895 October 26 - 1897 April 19

v.31-35 1897 April 20 - 1899 November 7

v.36-40 1899 November 9 - 1902 January 27

v.41-45 1902 January 28 - 1904 December 19

v.46-50 1904 December 20 - 1907 November 6

v.51-55 1907 November 6 - 1911 June 14

v.56-60 1911 June 15 - 1914 July 9

v.61 1914 July 11 - November 30

v.62 1914 December 5 - 1915 May 7

v.63 1915 May 8 - October 31

v.64 1915 October 31 - 1916 March 25

v.65 1916 March 26 - July 29

v.66 1916 July 20 - November 20

v.67 1916 November 20 - 1917 May 6

v.68 1917 May 6 - September 26

v.69 1917 September 26 - 1918 February 2

v.70 1918 February 2 - June 3

v.71 1918 June 4 - October 10

v.72 1918 October 11 - 1919 March 31

v.73 1919 April 1 - September 27

v.74 1919 September 28 - 1920 May 5

v.75 1920 May 5 - September 1

v.76 1920 September 2 - October 24

v.77 1920 October 24 - 1921 January 3

v.78 1921 January 3 - February 22

v.79 1921 February 22 - March 27

v.80 1921 March 27 - April 30

v.81 1921 April 30 - October 26

v.82 1921 October 27 - 1922 May 9

v.83 1922 May 10 - December 20

v.84 1922 December 20 - 1923 June 28

v.85 1923 June 28 - December 9

v.86 1923, December 10 - 1924, July 6

v.87 1924 July 7 - 1925, February 21

v.88 1925 February 24 - October 4

v.89 1925 October 4 - 1926 May 14

v.90 1926 May 14 - 1927 March 20

v.91 1927 March 20 - 1928 January 24

v.92 1928 January 25 - November 17

v.93 1928 November 17 - 1929 November 6

v.94 1929 November 7 - 1930 October 1

v.95 1930 October 2 - 1931 August 21

v.96 1931 August 22 - 1932 April 26

v.97 1932 April 27 - 1933 March 3

v.98 1933 March 4 - 1934 April 4

v.99 1934 April 5 - 1935 March 7

v.100 1935 March 8 - 1936 February 27

v.101 1936 February 28 - 1937 February 28

v.102 1937 March 1 - 1938 March 13

v.103 1938 March 14 - 1939 March 26

v.104 1939 March 28 - 1940 March 18

v.105 1940 March 19 - 1941 February 20

v.106 1941 February 21 - August 4

v.107 1941 August 5 - 1942 March 11

v.108 1942 March 12 - October 11

v.109 1942 October 12 - 1943 April 13

v.110 1943 April 14 - October 4

v.111 1943 October 5 - 1944 February 27

v.112 1944 March 1 - September 14

v.113 1944 September 14 - 1945 May 20

v.114 1945 May 21 - December 15

v.115 1945 December 16 - 1946 May 30

v.116 1946 May 31 - October 17

v.117 1946 October 18 - 1947 February 27

v.118 1947 February 28 - August 1

v.119 1947 August 3 - 1948 January 11

v.120 1948 January 12 - September 17

v.121 1948 September 18 - 1949 April 30

v.122 1949 April 31 - November 16

Series IV. Miscellaneous, 1888-1949
(.5 box)

Arranged alphabetically, the seven items in this series are: an address book, clippings, library catalog, scrapbook, Secret Society materials, G.B. Shaw's galley proof and letters concerning his preface to English Prisons Today, and miscellaneous documents. Ives' address book provides cross references to his diaries and traces the members of the Order of Chaeronea. Other Secret Society materials include the Service of Initiation, 1899; Order Rules, 1933; and wax impressions from signet rings of members of the Order.

The clippings include reviews of three of Ives' published works; Eros' Throne (1900) is located in a folder, while A History of Penal Methods, (1914) and Obstacles to Human Progress, (1939) are in a bound scrapbook, volume number 127.

The library catalog for the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology is organized alphabetically, first by title and then by author. The works represented in this catalog are in various languages and include topics such as homosexuality, flagellation, slavery, transvestism, prostitution, pornography, eunuchism, circumcision, and obscene literature.

A galley proof of G. B. Shaw's preface to English Prisions Today (1922, published by S & B Webb) is accompanied by some correspondence about the publication of the preface. The folder of miscellaneous items includes an army memorandum (1888), a bill of remittance from the Morning Post (1910), and information about the Sex Education Society lecture in 1948/49.
box folder
5 8 Address book, nd
9 Clippings, 1900
10 Library Catalogue for British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, nd
volume
v.127 Scrapbook, 1914 and 1939
box folder
5 11 Secret Society ("The Order") rules, invitations, seals, 1899-1933
12 Shaw, G.B., preface: English Prisons Today, 1922
13 Miscellaneous documents, 1888-1949

George Cecil Ives--Index of Correspondents

*
Allen, Lafon, 1901--1.1
*
Andrian, Leopold von, 1894--1.1
*
Ashbee, Janet E., nd --1.1
*
Authors' Club, nd--1.1
*
Barker, W.E., 1910--1.1
*
Barnett, Arthur, 1897--1.1
*
Bishop, Daphne, 1905--1.1
*
Bolton, Mary P., 1911--1.1
*
Brand, Adolf, 1911--1.1
*
Bridgewater, T.N., 1918 --1.1
*
Browning, Oscar, 1892, 1912--1.1
*
Burnet, James, 1906--1.1
*
Calverley, J. Selwin, 1891--1.1
*
Cambridge University Library, 1903--1.1
*
Cantlie, Sir James, 1902--1.1
*
Carlile, Rev. W., 1903-4 --1.1
*
Carpenter, Edward, nd--1.1
*
Casey, G.C., 1894--1.1
*
Cazalet, Victor, 1916--1.1
*
Cazalet, William Marshall, 1897-1914--1.1
*
Church, William Smithers, 1909--1.1
*
Colvin, Cecil, 1915--1.1
*
Delvade, Therese, 1894-1897--1.2
*
Dewon, George A.B., 1906--1.2
*
Dolgorouki, Stephanie, 1897--1.2
*
Donaldson, Dr., 1909--1.2
*
Ducie, Countess, nd--1.2
*
Ducane, Florence V., 1896--1.2
*
Ellis, Edith, 1911--1.2
*
Ellis, Havelock, 1902-1936--1.3
*
Elsworth, M., 1893--1.2
*
Evans, Caroline A., 1894-1910--1.2
*
Evelyn, Frances, 1903--1.2
*
Evelyn, John, 1910--1.2
*
Foster, Amy, 1899--1.4
*
French, Cecil, 1902--1.4
*
Gaskell, Evelyn Milness, 1899--1.4
*
Gale, Norman, 1898--1.4
*
Gazette, Paul Mall, 1909--1.4
*
Gomme, George Lawrence, 1903--1.4
*
Greene, H.D., 1912--1.4
*
Greenhalgh, John H., 1911--1.4
*
Gyles, Althea Alfred Cort, 1902--1.4
*
Haddon, Dr. A.C., 1906--1.4
*
Hare, Augustus, J.C., 1898-1902--1.5
*
Harning, E.W., 1906--1.4
*
Hay, A.C., 1897--1.4
*
Hay, J. Stuart, 1911--1.4
*
Hayes, E.S.P., 1911--1.4
*
Herbert, A., 1891-1893--1.4
*
Heinsky, Alex, 1897--1.4
*
Hobel, Bojal C., 1920--1.4
*
Hobhouse, Margaret, 1919--1.4
*
Hobhouse, Stephen, 1917--1.4
*
Hodge, Harold, 1898-1899--1.4
*
Holmes, Thomas, 1912--1.4
*
Hopwood, Charles Henry, 1898-1904--1.4
*
Horning, Ernest William, 1903--1.54
*
Ives, Susan Ann Talbot, 1898-1899--1.6, 2.7
*
John & Edward Bumpus, Ltd., 1933--1.6
*
Johnston, Lawson, 1901--1.6
*
Jones, Ernest, 1917--1.6
*
Lacon, E.B.H., 1897-1898--1.6
*
Latimer, Frank B., Lord, 1895--1.6
*
Lewis, Taffy F., 1905--1.6
*
Lombroso, Cesare, 1899--1.6
*
MaCabe, Joseph, 1903--1.6
*
Maitland, A.J., 1898--1.6
*
Malet, Henry, 1899--1.6
*
Moore, Frank Frankfort, 1898--1.6
*
Morgan, J.C., 1895--1.6
*
Morrison, William Douglas, 1896-1912--1.7
*
Moss, Samuel, 1897-1902--1.6
*
Mountmorres, William Geoffery, 1894--1.6
*
North, C.M., 1892-1897--2.1
*
Otter-Bary, W.W., 1898--1.6
*
Oxford & Cambridge University Club, 1904--1.6
*
Paget, Leo, 1891--2.2
*
Pattrick, Agnes, 1894--2.2
*
Pitcher, William, 1903--2.2
*
Peskett, Lily, 1896--2.2
*
Prescott, E. Livingston, 1894-1898--2.2
*
Reddie Cecil, 1914--2.2
*
Sibly, F. Arthur, 1918--2.2
*
Singh, Prince Frederick, 1904-1908--2.2
*
Turner, Reggie, 1898--2.2
*
Walt, W.P., nd--2.2
*
Ward, R., nd--2.2
*
Warwick, Francis Evelyn, 1905--2.2
*
Westermarck, Edward, 1902-1911--2.3
*
Whiteside, Anna, 1874--2.7
*
Wilkins, W. Henri, 1892-1895--2.4
*
Wilkins, 1892-1908--2.2
*
Wood, Ernest G., 1893-1894--2.2
*
Worthington, Bagly, 1894--2.2
*
Wynford, C.E.M., 1901--2.2

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