A Matter of Culture and Druitt

[Mayerling]

I'm not sure if Jack London counts as a contemporary but he obviously wrote a book about the living conditions in Whitechapel and the murders are mentioned.

To your list I would add Bram Stoker.

Hi Barnaby,

London would definitely count, as his book mentions the murders. But I would still be more curious about his letters and journals and diaries, as his personal views might be expressed.

It has been suggested that elements of the activities of Count Dracula at night in England resemble the popular image of the Ripper in Whitechapel.

Jeff

[Mayerling]

This is a great writer, George Bernard Shaw, and though he did not realize it--as he was writing a leftist, satirical critique--I think he probably nailed Druitt's motive:

"Blood Money To Whitechapel"
George Bernard Shaw
The Star, September 24th 1888.
BLOOD MONEY TO WHITECHAPEL.
O
TO THE EDITOR OF "THE STAR."

SIR,-- Will you allow me to make a comment on the success of the Whitechapel murderer in calling attention for a moment to the social question? Less than a year ago the West-end press, headed by the St. James's Gazette, the Times, and the Saturday Review, were literally clamering for the blood of the people--hounding on Sir Charles Warren to thrash and muzzle the scum who dared to complain that they were starving--heaping insult and reckless calumny on those who interceded for the victims--applauding to the skies the open class bias of those magistrates and judges who zealously did their very worst in the criminal proceedings which followed--behaving, in short as the proprietary class always does behave when the workers throw it into a frenzy of terror by venturing to show their teeth. Quite lost on these journals and their patrons were indignant remonstrances, argument, speeches, and sacrifices, appeals to history, philosophy, biology, economics, and statistics; references to the reports of inspectors, registrar generals, city missionaries, Parliamentary commissions, and newspapers; collections of evidence by the five senses at every turn; and house-to-house investigations into the condition of the unemployed, all unanswered and unanswerable, and all pointing the same way. The Saturday Review was still frankly for hanging the appellants; and the Times denounced them as "pests of society." This was still the tone of the class Press as lately as the strike of the Bryant and May girls. Now all is changed. Private enterprise has succeeded where Socialism failed. Whilst we conventional Social Democrats were wasting our time on education, agitation, and organisation, some independent genius has taken the matter in hand, and by simply murdering and disembowelling four women, converted the proprietary press to an inept sort of communism. The moral is a pretty one, and the Insurrectionists, the Dynamitards, the Invincibles, and the extreme left of the Anarchist party will not be slow to draw it. "Humanity, political science, economics, and religion," they will say, "are all rot; the one argument that touches your lady and gentleman is the knife." That is so pleasant for the party of Hope and Perseverance in their toughening struggle with the party of Desperation and Death!

However, these things have to be faced. If the line to be taken is that suggested by the converted West-end papers--if the people are still to yield up their wealth to the Clanricarde class, and get what they can back as charity through Lady Bountiful, then the policy for the people is plainly a policy of terror. Every gaol blown up, every window broken, every shop looted, every corpse found disembowelled, means another ten pound note for "ransom." The riots of 1886 brought in £78,000 and a People's Palace; it remains to be seen how much these murders may prove worth to the East-end in panem et circenses. Indeed, if the habits of duchesses only admitted of their being decoyed into Whitechapel back-yards, a single experiment in slaughterhouse anatomy on an artistocratic victim might fetch in a round half million and save the necessity of sacrificing four women of the people. Such is the stark-naked reality of these abominable bastard Utopias of genteel charity, in which the poor are first to be robbed and then pauperised by way of compensation, in order that the rich man may combine the idle luxury of the protected thief with the unctuous self-satisfaction of the pious philanthropist.

The proper way to recover the rents of London for the people of London is not by charity, which is one of the worst curses of poverty, but by the municipal rate collector, who will no doubt make it sufficiently clear to the monopolists of ground value that he is not merely taking round the hat, and that the State is ready to enforce his demand, if need be. And the money thus obtained must be used by the municipality as the capital of productive industries for the better employment of the poor. I submit that this is at least a less disgusting and immoral method of relieving the East-end than the gust of bazaars and blood money which has suggested itself from the West-end point of view.--Yours, &c.,

G. BERNARD SHAW.

Thanks for publishing the entire letter Jonathan. This was one of the two letters Shaw wrote on the case that I mentioned earlier on this thread, but I only have seen a section of it in Tom Cullen's "Autumn of Terror".

Actually I once looked into Shaw's interest in crime. He used the shooting of William Whiteley, the department store magnate, in 1907 in "Misalliance", and he has a moment in "Mrs. Warren's Profession" (1894) where an angered young man holding a hunting rifle, yells at Winnie Warren, "You'll say it was an accident Winnie!!" when he aims the gun at an obnoxious rival.
I always have felt that (given Shaw was working on that play in 1893) he was thinking of Alfred Monson, Cecil Hambrough, and the Ardlamont hunting accident mystery of that year.

While he was having some emotional difficulties with a girlfriend in 1893 he took an interest in the case of Police Constable George Cooke, and the Constable's trial, conviction, and execution for killing his prostitute girlfriend near Wormwood Scrubbs prison.

Jeff

[Barnaby]

Aside from police and Home Office or Government Officials, the only two celebrities that I know of who actually wrote contemporary statements regarding the Ripper and his/her crimes were Queen Victoria and George Bernard Shaw.
My question becomes this: there were plenty of other major cultural and historical figures of top level active in 1888. Wilkie Collins, author of "The Moonstone", "The Woman in White", and "Armadale" was still alive (he'd die in 1889), and although past his prime and ill must have taken some interest in the case. Did he write any letters about his views? Conan Doyle would later reveal his suggested solution to the mystery (a murderous midwife) in a book of memoirs published decades later - but what was his views in 1888. What were the views of H. G. Wells, Joseph Conrad, William Gladstone, Sir Henry Irving, Ellen Terry, Henry James, Oscar Wilde, James Whistler...well you get the idea. There are plenty of volumes of collected papers and letters of these figures - has anyone bothered looking through them at all.

Maybe we should start thinking of doing it. They might have heard something, or perhaps they could have dismissed some rumors that still float around.
Jeff

I'm not sure if Jack London counts as a contemporary but he obviously wrote a book about the living conditions in Whitechapel and the murders are mentioned.

To your list I would add Bram Stoker.

[Jonathan H]

This is a great writer, George Bernard Shaw, and though he did not realize it--as he was writing a leftist, satirical critique--I think he probably nailed Druitt's motive:

"Blood Money To Whitechapel"
George Bernard Shaw
The Star, September 24th 1888.
BLOOD MONEY TO WHITECHAPEL.
O
TO THE EDITOR OF "THE STAR."

SIR,-- Will you allow me to make a comment on the success of the Whitechapel murderer in calling attention for a moment to the social question? Less than a year ago the West-end press, headed by the St. James's Gazette, the Times, and the Saturday Review, were literally clamering for the blood of the people--hounding on Sir Charles Warren to thrash and muzzle the scum who dared to complain that they were starving--heaping insult and reckless calumny on those who interceded for the victims--applauding to the skies the open class bias of those magistrates and judges who zealously did their very worst in the criminal proceedings which followed--behaving, in short as the proprietary class always does behave when the workers throw it into a frenzy of terror by venturing to show their teeth. Quite lost on these journals and their patrons were indignant remonstrances, argument, speeches, and sacrifices, appeals to history, philosophy, biology, economics, and statistics; references to the reports of inspectors, registrar generals, city missionaries, Parliamentary commissions, and newspapers; collections of evidence by the five senses at every turn; and house-to-house investigations into the condition of the unemployed, all unanswered and unanswerable, and all pointing the same way. The Saturday Review was still frankly for hanging the appellants; and the Times denounced them as "pests of society." This was still the tone of the class Press as lately as the strike of the Bryant and May girls. Now all is changed. Private enterprise has succeeded where Socialism failed. Whilst we conventional Social Democrats were wasting our time on education, agitation, and organisation, some independent genius has taken the matter in hand, and by simply murdering and disembowelling four women, converted the proprietary press to an inept sort of communism. The moral is a pretty one, and the Insurrectionists, the Dynamitards, the Invincibles, and the extreme left of the Anarchist party will not be slow to draw it. "Humanity, political science, economics, and religion," they will say, "are all rot; the one argument that touches your lady and gentleman is the knife." That is so pleasant for the party of Hope and Perseverance in their toughening struggle with the party of Desperation and Death!

However, these things have to be faced. If the line to be taken is that suggested by the converted West-end papers--if the people are still to yield up their wealth to the Clanricarde class, and get what they can back as charity through Lady Bountiful, then the policy for the people is plainly a policy of terror. Every gaol blown up, every window broken, every shop looted, every corpse found disembowelled, means another ten pound note for "ransom." The riots of 1886 brought in £78,000 and a People's Palace; it remains to be seen how much these murders may prove worth to the East-end in panem et circenses. Indeed, if the habits of duchesses only admitted of their being decoyed into Whitechapel back-yards, a single experiment in slaughterhouse anatomy on an artistocratic victim might fetch in a round half million and save the necessity of sacrificing four women of the people. Such is the stark-naked reality of these abominable bastard Utopias of genteel charity, in which the poor are first to be robbed and then pauperised by way of compensation, in order that the rich man may combine the idle luxury of the protected thief with the unctuous self-satisfaction of the pious philanthropist.

The proper way to recover the rents of London for the people of London is not by charity, which is one of the worst curses of poverty, but by the municipal rate collector, who will no doubt make it sufficiently clear to the monopolists of ground value that he is not merely taking round the hat, and that the State is ready to enforce his demand, if need be. And the money thus obtained must be used by the municipality as the capital of productive industries for the better employment of the poor. I submit that this is at least a less disgusting and immoral method of relieving the East-end than the gust of bazaars and blood money which has suggested itself from the West-end point of view.--Yours, &c.,

G. BERNARD SHAW.

[Bridewell]

In one of your other current comments you mentioned that it was too large a book for a volume of case law. I did consider it as a kind of treatise or "horn book" (Blackstone, for example), but even those would not be so individually large in size.

Perhaps a Bible Concordance if it was a religious book at all. But isn't a law book much more likely if it wasn't (as suggested) a prop? Archbold's perhaps?

[Mayerling]

But Jeff I suspect, legal, classic, bible what've it was just a prop.

I'm inclined to accept it as a prop, GUT, but I'm considering that the picture was probably taken between 1884 and 1888. By the latter year the Kodak camera was beginning to become popular in the U.S., so the average middle class family could snap their own pictures. Of course this would have been taken in England. It most likely is a studio posed picture, so it would be a professional photographers prop.

In one of your other current comments you mentioned that it was too large a book for a volume of case law. I did consider it as a kind of treatise or "horn book" (Blackstone, for example), but even those would not be so individually large in size.

Jeff

[GUT]

This is a very interesting idea to me, but then I am a librarian.

It would also be worth looking at the contemporaries' diaries, journals, and collected letters, as they may not have made public comment in the newspapers, but could have expressed their opinion on the WM privately or in a letter to a friend or relation.

Could Druitt's book have been a volume of case law, perhaps?

It actually looks a bit big for case law, theyre designed to be carried to court so tend to be a bit smaller.

[GUT]

I would be dependent in advancing this idea on librarians, as they have more immediate access to collections of letters or diaries or journals. Every time I have looked at a contemporary diary or journal I look for that period of the summer to autumn to winter of 1888 to see if there were any comments. I have to admit I rarely find any but many of the books I look at happen to be selections from such full collected works. Sometimes I have been pleasantly surprised by an out of left field occurrence. I purchased a book of the letters and journals of Paul Gauguin (foreign commentators are welcomed here too), and discovered nothing about the Ripper, but that Gauguin was one of the crowd outside a French prison in December 1888 when the best known KNOWN murderer of the day (the French killer Prado) was guilloutined. It was rather interesting to see Gauguin an interest in crime, although Prado's case drove the French police to distraction for nearly a year.

In that photo of Montie it could be a legal tome, but it could also be a Bible.

Jeff

But Jeff I suspect, legal, classic, bible what've it was just a prop.

[GUT]

G'day GUT,

Wouldn't Montie have been working through some solicitor or several of them, and possibly with some barrister's chambers? If so wouldn't he have had a staff to assist him in drafting documents and the like? I've seen American law firms (admittedly large ones) but they have plenty of people about doing "skut work" like shepherdizing. Perhaps nothing as elaborate as that, but I keep thinking Montie would have had some assistance.

As for the work at Valentine's School, the curriculum would have most likely been set up by Montie with Valentine, and most of it would have been repeated for each form the same way every year - just some adjustment for new features that could not be ignored (and in the 1880s such changes were not usually found in classes on the Classics (Latin and Greek) or math. I wonder what if anything Valentine's would have had on the sciences (Gregor Mendel's researches were in the 1860s - 1880s, but the results were published in a small foreign magazine or journal before his death, and only rediscovered and spread in the 20th Century). History/Current Events is another feature: the latter would have to be kept up to date. But that would only require reading the current newspapers.

Jeff

Unfortunately Jeff he'd have had little assistance in drafting, that's exactly why the Solicitors would brief him, so they didn't need to do it.

In '88 I imagine it would be handwritten.

Even today most chambers will at most have a typist, so you dictate in a dictaphone and she types it up (how the typist is paid varies but often in accordance with the percentage you use her) so even today in such chambers newer barristers tend to do their own.

Montie's greatest demand, I suspect, would have been that at his seniority (or lack thereof) he wouldn't have had a sat array of old documents to basically copy, so each one would have to be researched (yuck legal research). Most Barristers work on the basis of about 4-5 hours preparation for each billable hour and that number increases dramatically the more junior you are.

I know my first, probably 10, years at the bar I barely read anything other than law and would regularly put in 100 hour weeks.

[Mayerling]

I know Jeff that when I am practicing anywhere near full time I have NO time for reading anything other than law. Montie was said to have been working basically as a Special Pleader, effectively drafting documents I can assure you that is extremely time consuming, even in this day and age of dictaphones and computers just can't see him, with ateaching job on top, having much free time for reading.

The funny thing is drafting for just a case a month takes nearly as much time as for a case a week. Because of economies of scale and research once crank out 5 sets of documents and the like.

G'day GUT,

Wouldn't Montie have been working through some solicitor or several of them, and possibly with some barrister's chambers? If so wouldn't he have had a staff to assist him in drafting documents and the like? I've seen American law firms (admittedly large ones) but they have plenty of people about doing "skut work" like shepherdizing. Perhaps nothing as elaborate as that, but I keep thinking Montie would have had some assistance.

As for the work at Valentine's School, the curriculum would have most likely been set up by Montie with Valentine, and most of it would have been repeated for each form the same way every year - just some adjustment for new features that could not be ignored (and in the 1880s such changes were not usually found in classes on the Classics (Latin and Greek) or math. I wonder what if anything Valentine's would have had on the sciences (Gregor Mendel's researches were in the 1860s - 1880s, but the results were published in a small foreign magazine or journal before his death, and only rediscovered and spread in the 20th Century). History/Current Events is another feature: the latter would have to be kept up to date. But that would only require reading the current newspapers.

Jeff

[Mayerling]

This is a very interesting idea to me, but then I am a librarian.

It would also be worth looking at the contemporaries' diaries, journals, and collected letters, as they may not have made public comment in the newspapers, but could have expressed their opinion on the WM privately or in a letter to a friend or relation.

Could Druitt's book have been a volume of case law, perhaps?

I would be dependent in advancing this idea on librarians, as they have more immediate access to collections of letters or diaries or journals. Every time I have looked at a contemporary diary or journal I look for that period of the summer to autumn to winter of 1888 to see if there were any comments. I have to admit I rarely find any but many of the books I look at happen to be selections from such full collected works. Sometimes I have been pleasantly surprised by an out of left field occurrence. I purchased a book of the letters and journals of Paul Gauguin (foreign commentators are welcomed here too), and discovered nothing about the Ripper, but that Gauguin was one of the crowd outside a French prison in December 1888 when the best known KNOWN murderer of the day (the French killer Prado) was guilloutined. It was rather interesting to see Gauguin an interest in crime, although Prado's case drove the French police to distraction for nearly a year.

In that photo of Montie it could be a legal tome, but it could also be a Bible.

Jeff

[Mayerling]

Nice idea, Jeff, and to literary giants we might add radical politicians who may well have used the murders as evidence of what happens when a sub-class of desperately poor people exists.

Thanks Robert. Actually more than just radical politicians. All politicians. How would former Home Secretary (Gladstone's Liberal Government of 1880-85) Sir William Harcourt have thought of the antics of his successor Henry Matthew's handling of the investigation by Warren's Scotland Yard? Or Gladstone for that matter - they being out of power their perspective on the situation would have no doubt been critical, but it would have been of interest.

Jeff

[Pcdunn]

This is a very interesting idea to me, but then I am a librarian.

It would also be worth looking at the contemporaries' diaries, journals, and collected letters, as they may not have made public comment in the newspapers, but could have expressed their opinion on the WM privately or in a letter to a friend or relation.

Could Druitt's book have been a volume of case law, perhaps?

[GUT]

Nice idea, Jeff, and to literary giants we might add radical politicians who may well have used the murders as evidence of what happens when a sub-class of desperately poor people exists.

Definitely, but we seem to know much of their thoughts.

[GUT]

It depends on placing the individual in his time in considering the issue.

You and I are living in September 2015 at this moment. I'm retired, and you are semi-retired. But we have more items of interest for our spare time than Montie did. We have television, the internet, books, video games, regular games, radio, movies, and theatre, and family and friend events (get-togethers). Montie in 1888 would only have had books, newspapers, magazines, theatre, sports (he has that cricket interest), family and friends as the broad basis of his entertainment for his non-working hours. And he is not (like us) retired or semi-retired. Since books would have been part of his entertainment choices, he might have picked up and read a few pages of a popular novel of his day (think of Stevenson's "Treasure Island" or "Dr. Jeckyl and Mr. Hyde") reading it whenever he had some time. Most of his main reading would have been for law courts or for classrooms, but he could have had a bit for himself.

I know Jeff that when I am practicing anywhere near full time I have NO time for reading anything other than law. Montie was said to have been working basically as a Special Pleader, effectively drafting documents I can assure you that is extremely time consuming, even in this day and age of dictaphones and computers just can't see him, with ateaching job on top, having much free time for reading.

The funny thing is drafting for just a case a month takes nearly as much time as for a case a week. Because of economies of scale and research once crank out 5 sets of documents and the like.